Practical information to identify and manage non-native, invasive plants and animals
The Quiet Invasion:A Guide to Invasive Species of the Galveston Bay Area
Hypostomus plecostomus, Pterygoplichthys anisitsi
| ITIS TSN: | 164342; 680350 |
| Presence: | Current Invaders |
| Habitat: | Aquatic |
| Native Range: | Central and South America |
Human Health
These species pose no known human health impacts.Prohibited Lists
As of 2010, these species are not prohibited in Texas.Introduction Pathways
This species entered the U.S. in the 1960s and 1970s via the aquarium trade. Individuals are released into local waterways by pet owners.Geographic Distribution
Both species are found in the Lower Galveston Bay watershed in Harris County, specifically in Sims, Brays, Buffalo, and White Oak bayous; P. anisitsi has been reported most often (Nico and Fuller 2010e; USGS 2010a). In other parts of the U.S. armored catfish have been reported in Florida and Pennsylvania (USGS 2010a).Specific Primary Habitats
Armored catfish are typically found in fresh and brackish waters (Sterba 1983). Adults prefer streams with rocky substrates while juveniles are common in areas rich in vegetation (Hubbs et al. 1978). They can tolerate hypoxic (low oxygen) and low temperature conditions.Ecological, Economic, or Social Impact
Armored catfish may compete with native species for food resources (benthic organisms, detritus, and attached algae) and could have a significant impact on the aquatic food base (Nico and Fuller 2010e; USGS 2010a). Males are known to excavate burrows in banks of streams (USACE 2003).Physical Description
Typically this species grows to between 50 and 60 centimeters (19 to 23 inches) over its native range. Aquarium specimens are typically smaller, but large individuals have been found in Houston area bayous. The body is covered with flexible, bony plates. The ventral sucking mouth also distinguishes armored catfish. The abdomen is covered with large white spots irregularly joined to form a vermiculate pattern. P. anisitsi has 9 to 14 dorsal fin rays with a single spine. Pectoral fins have thick, toothed spines (USACE 2003).Reproduction Characteristics
Ripe males develop barbel-like appendages about their mouth, whereas females have the tendency to develop swollen abdomens. Eggs are spawned on the surface of substrates such as stones or logs, or in holes. Males care for the eggs which hatch in 3-5 days.Feeding
Adults feed on benthic organisms, detritus, and attached algae. Juveniles feed on vegetation.Control
Since early detection is key to preventing the spread and establishment of this species, regional/local monitoring or surveillance is essential. Armored catfish kept should never be released in local waterways.Lists
This species belongs to the following lists:
Images
To view a larger version of an image, click on the thumbnail. Cormorant feeding on an armored catfish at the Brays Bayou detention site in Houston, Texas. Photo courtesy John H. Lienhard, University of Houston. |
 Cormorant feeding on an armored catfish at the Brays Bayou detention site in Houston, Texas. Photo courtesy John H. Lienhard, University of Houston. |
 Armored catfish captured on Brays Bayou in Houston, Texas. Photo courtesy Shannon Tompkins. |
 Snow king plecos in Brays Bayou near Westpark Tollway and Highway 6. Image courtesy Michael Ringer, Harris County Flood Control. |
 Snow king plecos in Brays Bayou near Westpark Tollway and Highway 6. Image courtesy Michael Ringer, Harris County Flood Control. |